A Comparison Between Different Formulations for Solving Axisymmetric Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Wave Problems

In many time-harmonic electromagnetic wave problems, the considered geometry exhibits an axial symmetry. this case, by exploiting a Fourier expansion along azimuthal direction, fully three-dimensional (3D) calculations can be carried out on two-dimensional (2D) angular cross section of problem, thus significantly reducing computational effort. However, transition from full 3D problem to 2D analysis introduces additional difficulties such as, among others, singularity in variational formulation. work, we compare and discuss different finite element formulations deal with these obstacles. Particular attention is paid spurious modes convergence behavior when using high-order elements.